Empowering the next generation with affordable, quality education in Business Accounting, Computers, and Tourism Hospitality. We have been in operationfor eleven years. Our graduated students are working everywhere in Papua New Guinea.
Digicel foundation ‘BELIT' [better literacy] program aimed
at enhancing education through technology, has expanded to Lae city.Over the past two years the initiative has
included a three hours educational TV program on TVWAN and the establishment of
computer labs in six secondary schools in Port Moresby.
In 2024 two year Digicel Foundation assessed all four high
schools in Lea to determine eligibility for computer lab projector, based on
criteria such as existing infrastructure, the presence of ICT teachers and
security measures.Lae secondary
School is one of the Lae top performing institution with 10,800 students from
grade 9 to 12 had previously received funding for a four-in-one double storey
classroom under Digicel Foundation education infrastructure program. The
classroom was costing k1.6 million and was completed in December 2022 after
delays with the initial contractor.
The Current project at Busu Secondary School involves
refurbishing the existing computer lab; including the installation of 20 desktop
computer and 20 lab-tops computers and also replacing outdated equipment. The
total investment for this project was K87, 539.20 at the launch event, Digicel
PNG CEO Tarik Baudiaf emphasized the company’s commitment to supporting across Papua
New Guinea. He further highlighted that Digicel Foundation has invested k179
million in social projects across all 96 districts of PNG since the company’s launch
in 2007.
We are proud to partner with Busu Secondary School again to
deliver your refurbished computer lab. Digicel Foundation was bringing the
future into the present, enriching the lives of every customer it serves.Digital literacy is crucial in today's
interconnected world, and we are thrilled to support this agenda through the
BELIT computer labs.
Baudiaf also announced plans to launch a computer lab at Lae
Secondary School in the coming weeks making it in the eight school to benefit from
the BELIT program. He encouraged students to take care of the new equipment, emphasizing
the importance of ICT skills for future job competitiveness.
Tourism and hospitality in Jiwaka province are shifting from microeconomics to macroeconomics because of the people's lifestyle, certain characters and behavior. Also in the province, the law and order is seriously been handled by the law enforcers and with the support of the people in Jiwaka province.
Recently, the DDA ( District Development Authority ) of Jiwaka province just signed a partnership contract with agreement with the Kokoda Tracking Association to side by side working with them to attract tourism impact in the Oro and Jiwaka provinces.
This is one great example of shifting from one standard to another especially among the locals. Further it also enhances the locals to have opened up new guesthouse and lodges for catering guests coming into the province. By doing that, it brings income to the villages and also brings revenue to the country. This makes people not to concentrate only on cash crops such as coffee and tea to earn income.
It is a remarkable demonstration of ordinary Papua New Guinea's enthusiasm to participate in an industry that has markets far offshore and as removed from the rural setting as possible. The good thing that attracts foreigners to come to our country is Tourism and Hospitality. Jiwaka is one of the province in PNG that have best landscape, diverse culture and the environment is conditionally conducive for foreigners to adapt.
So in ten to twenty years’ time, the Tourism and Hospitality in Jiwaka will advance to next level because of the early progress that happening today. Jiwakan people are admirable and friendly too.
Studies can be define as an educational
task or a way of learning, thinking, doing and knowing a particular subject or
course taken in a given period of time by a particular person.
This is a short description of how our studies
involves at PNG Computech Training Institution. We have three faculties. They
named below:
1.Faculty
of Business Accounting
2.Faculty
of Tourism and Hospitality and
3.Faculty
of Computer studies.
Furthermore doing studies at PNGCTTI is
highly trained. We the students are trained at the university standard of
training for an advance diploma programs in our respective areas of
studies.Try and get to know in detail
as we go through.
Studies at PNGCTTI dives into different
areas of training respectively; on that same note, we train students orally, verbally,
electronically and with both theory and practical throughout our learning
process most times.
Student can achieve what they can, what
they need to know and find job very quickly and easily.On the other hand the administration can also
make your way through further studies at the university level for an interested
student who are willing and able to go on further.
To
conclude, studies at PNGCTTI has courses more job orientated for an advance
diploma programs, to go further or to find job very easily. Students are
trained very professionally in their areas of studies respectively through orally,
verbally, electronically and with both theory and practical.
Windows Operating System-Learning and talking through the basics.
CHAPTER
1: 1.1 INTRODUCTION
This topic is set out to evaluate the study
of introduction to computer.
It is structure as chapter one is introduction.
In chapter two I will discuss the Historical development, in chapter three is
the Period of Awareness including chapter four is the Introduction of Component
and Finally chapter five is the summary of all chapters.
1.2
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Computer is an electronic device operates under
the control of programs stored in its own memory unit. A computer is an
electronic machine that processes raw data to give information output.
An electronic device that to accepts data
as input, and transforms it under influence of special instructions called
Programs to produce the desired output referred to as information.
1.3
EXPLAINATIONS
A computer has an internal memory, which
stores & instructions temporarily awaiting processing, and even holds the
intermediate result information before it is communicated to the recipients
through the output devices. A computer as accept data in one form and produce
it in other form. The data is normally held within the computer as it is being
processed.
1.4
PROGRAM
A computer program is a set of related
instructions written in the language of the computer & is used to make the
computer perform a specific task or to direct the computer on what to do. A set
of related instruction which specify how the data is to be process. A set of
instruction used to guide a computer through a process.
Data is a collection of raw facts, figures
or instructions that do not have much meaning to the user. Data may be in form
of numbers, alphabets/letters or symbols, and can be processed to produce
information.
1.5
TYPES OF DATA
Digital data is discrete in nature. It must
be represented in form of numbers, alphabets or symbols for it to be processed
by computer. Digital data is obtained by counting.E.g.1, 2, 3…
Analogue data is continuous in nature. It
must be represented in physical nature in order to be processed by the
computer. Analogue data is obtained by the measurement. E.g. pressure,
temperature, humidity, length or currents etc.
1.6
SUMMARY
This chapter has provided concept and
introduction to analysed the topic that present the explanation of Introduction
of Computer.
CHAPTER
2: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
2.1
GENERATION OF COMPUTER
This period is often conveniently divided
into the subsequent phases called computers generations: First generation
computers 1940-1956, Second generation 1965-1963, Third generation 1964-1971,
Fourth generation 1971-2010, Fifth generation 2010 to present sixth generation.
2.2
GENERATION OF COMPUTER CHANGE IN TECHNNNOLOGY
Generation in computer terminology is a
change technology a computer is/was being used, initially, the generation term
was used to distinguish between varying hardware technologies. Nowadays,
generation includes both hardware and software, which together make up an
entire computer system.
By the time, the computer generation was
being categorized on the basis of hardware only, but the fifth generation
technology also included software. Working with computers of this generation
had high capability and are memory capacity.
In this generation present and beyond based
on Artificial Intelligence (AI). Voice recognitions are currently available
parallel processing and superconductors are helping to make it a reality. Goal
is to develop devices that respond to natural language input capable of
learning and self-organization.
2.3
SUMMARY
So by looking in this period of computer is
often conveniently divided into the subsequent phase called computer
generations. Generation in computer is change in technology a computer being
used. By the time today we used the computer generation was being categorized
on basis of hardware and software.
CHAPTER
3: PERIOD OF AWARENESS
3.1
INTRODUCTION
Computer awareness begins with recognizing
the common concerns and possible fear individuals may experience upon their
initial encounters with this rapidly expanding technology. Awareness is also dependent
upon an individual’s specific knowledge of computer hardware (including micro,
mini and mainframe computers and peripheral devices) and application such as
information processing and information sharing.
Generally, computer is the combination of
Hardware and Software which convert data into information. Computer operates on
set instruction only, they cannot think as human being.
3.2
HARDWARE & SOFTWARE
Hardware is the collection of physical
elements that constitute a system. It is a comprehensive term from all the
physically parts of a computer. Eg.Display screen, disk, keyboard, mouse, printer, scanner, chip etc.
Software it is a set of programs and
procedures. Software tells the hardware what to do and how to accomplish a
task. Eg; web, browsers, word processors etc.
In this combination of Hardware &
Software data as convert into information. Information when data is processed,
organised, structured or presented in a given context so as to be careful.
Computer operates on instruction only by data, instruction, information, and
program is set of instructions given to in order to perform task.
3.3
SUMMARY
This chapter is generally about
individual’s specific knowledge of computer Hardware. To increasing your
knowledge and skills in these areas can be accomplished through various
training resources with training and experience, your overall acceptance and
appreciation of computerization will continue to rise.
CHAPTER
4: COMPONENT
4.1
INTRODUCTION
A component is an important constituent’s
part of anything. In this case the components of computer are; Motherboard,
Input Unit, Output Unit, Central Processing Unit(CPU), Graphics Processing
Unit(GPU), Random Access Memory(RAM) and Storage Unit/Device.
4.2
MOTHERBOARD
A Motherboard is a circuit board through
which all the different components of a computer communication and it keep
everything together. The input and output devices are plugged into the
motherboard for function.
4.3
INPUT UNIT
Computer responds to commands given to them
in the form of numbers, alphabets, images, etc... Through input units or
devices like-keyboard, language and that we understand or the one we have
programmed the computer with.
4.4
OUTPUT UNIT
The result of the command we provide the
computer with through the input device is called the output. The most used is
the monitor since we give commands using the keyboard and after the processing,
the result or outcome is displayed on the monitor.
4.5
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
The CPU is called the brain of computer
since no action can take place without its permission and execution is the main
processing unit. It is communicates with all the other components of the
computer and has 3 components that helpin the smooth functioning of the CPU. The components of CPU are; CPU
registration (memory), primary (memory) and secondary (memory).
4.6
GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNIT (GPU)
GPU is a specialized processor that is
created to accelerate graphics processing. It can render many pieces of data
making them ideal for machine learning, video editing, and gaming.
4.7
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
RAM is a form of data storage that allows
for faster read and writes operations. RAM is also volatile, which means that
if the powers goes out, it loses all of the data it has stored.
4.8
STORAGE UNIT
This device stores all the data and the
instructions required for processing. It keeps intermediate results of
processing.
CHAPTER
5: SUMMARY
Computer is an electronic device that
operates of programs and it has an internal memory, stores data &
instructions temporaily. Today computer is useful for everyone, by individual’s
specific knowledge of computer learning. To increasing the knowledge and skills
in those areas of computer can be continued to appreciate rise your
computerization skills.
Author: Student
Bobby Thomas, PNGCTTI, Windows Operating
System Essay Article.2024
Linux is a family of free and open-source software operating
systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, by Linus Torvalds.
And also,Linux is
a command line interface, used by most large, powerful computers and it is very
popular and very easy to find information and get help. It is very staple -
computers running Linux almost never crash. It’s very efficient which can
smoothly manage extremely huge amounts of data. Most new bioinformatics
software is created for Linux - it’s easy for the programmers.
Linux Operating System (OS) is a resource manager. It takes
the form of a set of software routines that allow users and application programs
to access system resources (e.g. the CPU, memory, disks, modems, printers’
network cards etc.) in safe,efficient
and abstract
way.
Linux is a layered operating system. Its innermost layer is
the hardware that provides the services for the OS.
The operating system, referred to in Linux is the Kernel,
which interacts directly with the hardware and provides the services to the
user programs. These user programs don’t need to know anything about the
hardware. They just need to know how to interact with the Kernel and its up to
the Kernel to provide the desired service.The kernel is the core of the Linux
operating system which schedules processes and interface directly with the
hardware. It manages system and user I/O, processes, devices, files, and
memory.
The kernel provides low-level device, memory and processor
management functions (e.g. dealing interrupts from hardware devices, sharing
the processor among multiple programs, allocating memory for programs etc.)
Linux is multi-user, multi-tasking operating system. You can
have many users logged into a system simultaneously, each running many
programs. It is the duty of the kernel to keep each process and user separate
and to regulate access to system hardware, including cpu, memory, disk and other
I/O devices
`Classification of UNIX/Linux
UNIX is a
Multi-User/Multi-Tasking operating system
and exists
in many different versions (“derives”):
Solaris,
AIX, XENIX, HP-UX, SINIX, Linux.
Operating
system (OS): Sum up of all programs which are required to operate a computer
and which control and monitor the application programs.
Essential
features of Linux/Unix
• has been
originally written in the programming language C, and is therefore a
classicalplatform C-programs.
UNIX contains well suited environments for program development (C, C++, Java,
Fortran, ...).
• is mainly
used for scientific-technical applications on mainframes and workstations, but
has become, because of Linux, also popular for classical-applications
throughout the last years.
• is
perfectly suited for application in networks. Larger systems and networks
require an administrator.
• offers
various alternatives for the solution of most tasks. The multitudes of commands
(more than in any other OS) are brief and flexible.
• is
originally command-line oriented, but can be used via a graphical user
interface (X Window
system).
Graphical
user interface
Originally,
UNIX is command-line oriented. The X Window system enables convenient interaction
via a window-oriented graphical interface, similar to other OS.The window
manager is responsible for the management and display of the individual
windows. Each window manager (and there are a variety of such managers) can be
distinguished by its own Look and Feel (appearance of window decorations and
control devices etc.). Most window managers can be chosen at the login-menu.
Examples for simple window managers:
• twm: very
simple and resource-saving
• mwm:
Motif window manager, more common and more advanced
• xfce:
convenient, simple, and resource-saving(recommended for use in virtual
machines)
Moreover,
almost all Linux distributions provide graphical desktop environments such as
KDE or GNOME, which have a functionality far beyond simple window managers.5 command
xterm Syntax: xterm [options]Though there is a graphical interface, UNIX needs
the possibility for direct command input for practical use. Therefore, at least
one terminal window needs to be open. This can be accomplished via the window manager
or the desktop environment (‘console’)
More windows can then be opened with the
command xterm .Generally, all UNIX commands have a variety of op-tions, which
usually begin with -. For the most important commands which will be introduced
in the following such as, for example: wegner@arber:~ > xterm -geo 80x40 -fn
10x20The command xterm is called with two options -geo,-fn, which, in this
case, need a3.
File systems
Logics, file types
“In UNIX everything is a file.”
The
following file-system objects can be found
• ‘normal’
(text-) files
•
executable files (binary files or shell scripts)
•
directories
• device
files
• pipes
• symbolic
or hard links (references to files)
All files
and file system objects are ordered within a hierarchical file tree with
exactly one root directory‘/’.
In contrast
to the MS-Windows file system, the UNIX file system does not distinguish
between different drives. All physical devices (hard disks, DVD, CDROM, USB,
floppy) are denoted by specific files inside a certain directory within the
file tree (usually within /dev). File names consist of a sequence of letters, digits
and certain special characters, and must not contain
slashes
(for convenience, they should neither contain empty spaces).Avoid characters
which might be interpreted by the shell in a special way. A file can be
referenced within the file tree by either an absolute or a relative path name.
An absolute path name consists of all directories leading to the file and the
file name, and always begins with a / (the root directory).
In many
shells and application programs, the tilde denotes the home directory. Command
pwd
Syntax:pwd displays
the current directory. Example: wegner@arber:~ > pwd /home/wegner
wegner@arber:~
>dditional arguments (width and height of window, font name & size).
In conclusion,
from smartphones to cars, super computers and home appliances, the Linux
operating system is everywhere. Linux is the best-known and most-used open
source operating system. As an operating system, Linux is software that sits
underneath all of the other software on the computer, receiving request from
those programs and relaying these requests to the computer’s hardware.
Networking
is a combination of smallest to the largest computers and devices that
electronically connected together (wired or wireless). Internet is mainly used by Web browsers that retrieve web page
information from a server. It is a collection of intranet that communicates
with each other. The internet (with
a capital”I”) is a collection of public Web sites. The term “internet” is the
largest internet, encompassing all publicly available computer networks.
To be more familiar and understandable with
networking. Here are some terms that associated with networking:
Domain – A group of computer and devices connected to a central server,
allowing the group to be managed as a single unit.
E-mail – A means of sending electronic messages from one computer to
another over the Internet or other network. An e-mail may contain data other
than text, such as image and music files.
FTP – Acronym for File Transfer
Protocol. At type of communication protocol used to transfer data from one
computer directly to another, usually mediated by a third-party program.
HTTP – Acronym for Hyper Text
Transfer Protocol. A type of communication protocol used mainly to transfer
Web site information (like HTML files) and components over the Internet or
other network to a user’s computer.
Internet – Synonym for World Wide Web.
A larger collection of interconnected computer networks that span the globe.
The term” (lower case “I”) is actually a name given to a particular collection
of computers of computers, like those used by businesses, schools, or the
military. The term “Internet” (with a capital “I”) is the largest internet,
encompassing all publicly available computer networks.
ISP – Acronym for Internet
Service Provider. An ISP sells access to the Internet to large corporations
and individuals users alike. Many ISPs also provide hosting services; with
allow users to post their own website.
Network – A group of computers and devices connected electronically (wired
or wireless).
Workgroup – A collection of computers on the same network identified by a
singular name. Having an identifiable workgroup name makes network and sharing
resources easier.
Hardware
Requirements
There are several different types of
networks that you can create. You can even create a network by linking two
computers together via the parallel (LTP) printer ports! However, such networks
are quite slow by modern standard. Therefore we will focus on the networking
hardware that is most common to everyone and readily available at most computer
retail outlets.
Hardware
Routers can be either wired or wireless, wireless
ones usually have antennae. Both wired and wireless routers contain plugs where
you can physically connect a computer. Routers are most commonly used in home
networks and small office settings. Most routers provide a good layer of
protection as well by employ a hardware firewall.
In basic terms, a switch allows for network
resource sharing like a router, but it does not provide direct usage of an
Internet connection. A switch can allow all computers to use an Internet
connection, but one computer must have an external connection to the Internet
that must be on at all times, effectively acting as a server. This “always on”
computer will have two NICs: one connected to the external Internet connection,
and the other connected to the switch sharing the information with everyone
else.
Using
the Networking and Sharing Centre
Some networking options, such as the
ability to connect to a high – speed internet connection are automatic.
However, other networking options require you to perform some setup operation.
To help make this process easier, Windows include the Networking and Sharing Centre
in the Control Panel
Setting up an Internet Connection
There are two different types of internet
connections: dial – up and high – speed (or broadband). A dial- up connection
uses a modern to physically connectyour
computer to a phone line. Dial- up internet is quite slow compared to modern
high-speed, though dial-up Internet can be used almost anywhere in the world
where there is telephone service, including cellular service.
The second type of Internet service is
high-speed. This type of connection can come via satellite, coaxial connection
(cable TV, or over the phone line. High- phone line Internet is called DSL, or
Digital Subscriber Line. DSL service can use the phone and internet at the same
line.
If you are connecting to the Internet via
dial-up, you will have received an e-mail address (which usually doubles as
your Internet user name) and password from your ISP. You will also receive a
phone number which your computer will dial to “talk” to the server on the other
end of the line. If you are connecting via DSL or other types of broadband, you
will receive a modem, e-mail address, password, and connection information from
your ISP.
To set up a dial-up connection, set up the
hardware according to the directions given by your ISP or equipment
manufacturer. In the Networking and Sharing Center under the “Change your
network settings” heading, click “Set up a new connection or network:
” Most people, especially home users, will
only use one Internet connection. Whatever method you use to connect, Windows
will remember and make that connection the default one. If you have a laptop or
tablet computer, you have probably taken it from place to place and interacted
with+ different networks. Windows is capable of remembering many different
networks that it has joined. If you take your computer to a library with
wireless Internet access and sign onto the network with a password, Window can
recall the credentials and sign you in automatically.
If you want to remove yourself from a
wireless network when using a portable computer, you likely have a switch or
button on your computer to turn off the wireless card. However, if you want to
disconnect from one wireless connection (so you could join another one for
example), click the wireless icon in the System Tray:
Locate the wireless network which you are currently using,
click it to highlight it, and then click Disconnect.
To summarize, networking system uses many different types of electronic
connecting devices to connect to internet. It can be wired or wireless devices. Many upcoming internet users today prefer wireless networking technology. Wired and Wireless technologies have come a long way, and it help us
to communicate on increasingly capable networks.
Tourism in Morobe Province: Discover the Hidden Beauty of Papua New Guinea Introduction Papua New Guinea is a country blessed with beautiful landscapes, diverse cultures, tropical rainforests, fascinating wildlife, and breathtaking coastlines. Among its many provinces, Morobe Province stands out as a destination with enormous potential for tourism development. Located in the Momase region of Papua New Guinea, Morobe Province is home to Lae, one of the country's largest cities and an important commercial and transportation centre. The province combines urban life with coastal villages, forest-covered mountains, rivers, islands, traditional communities, and important historical locations. From the busy streets of Lae to the peaceful coastal settlements of Salamaua, the historic goldfields of Bulolo and Wau, and the communities along the Huon Peninsula, Morobe offers visitors a wide range of experiences. Despite these attractions, many of Morobe's tourism opportunities rem...
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